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'<div>
<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋體, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 28px;">精品咖啡（specialty coffee）也叫做 “特種咖啡”“精選咖啡”。它是指由在少數極爲理想的地理環境下生長的具有優異味道特點的生豆製作的咖啡。取決於他們所生長的特殊的土壤和氣候條件他們具有出衆的風味。這類咖啡再經過嚴格挑選與分級，其質地堅硬、口感豐富、風味特佳，纔算是精選咖啡豆。</span><br />
<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/160619/3-160619112911D4.png" style="width: 454px; height: 304px;" /><br />
萬事皆有因果，漿果夫婦深信不疑。你種因，必有果。因，是現在；果是未來。而我們無法預測未來的果是如何，所以好好把握自己種的「因」，珍惜眼前擁有的，若想改變，會有不同的果。所以不忘初心，堅持自我。畢竟無論「果」是好是壞，用心的過程是值得讚美的。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
洪都拉斯政府今天的做法可謂「拆東牆，補西牆」。就因部分咖啡莊園患葉鏽病而放棄咖啡種植，改爲可可，實屬「治標不治本」。殊不知，農業的轉型將會導致GDP的下滑以及失業率的增加。俗話說「隔行如隔山」，那些多年種植咖啡的農民又怎能在短期內將可可的種植摸通熟路呢？如果政府不給予種植可可上的技術支持以及精神鼓勵，又怎能達到轉型效果呢？何況，培訓及普及對政府來說又是一筆不小的開支。反問洪都拉斯政府是否會對那些咖啡農進行可可種植的技術培訓呢？到頭來，還是對身處水深火熱之中的農民不管不顧麼。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
我們來看看做爲咖啡消費方美國的咖啡專業人士怎麼報導的。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
（以下爲譯文）</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
題目：《洪都拉斯政府因咖啡葉鏽病轉型種植可可》</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
作者：尼克布朗 發佈於2015年9月1日</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
文章出處：http://dailycoffeenews.com/2015/09/01/honduras-government-to-transition-leaf-rust-affected-coffee-lands-to-cocoa/</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
據路透社非洲分部近期發佈的一份報告中說,洪都拉斯農業部領導人計劃將全國8%的咖啡莊園改種可可。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
此消息源於該國經濟發展部和國家咖啡協會ihcafe向路透社透露，該國經濟發展部部長Alden Rivera指出，由於諸多咖啡莊園受特別嚴重的葉鏽病災害影響，如果不轉型種植可可，明年甚至幾年都將會殃及20000公頃的咖啡種植區的經濟收成。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
由於葉鏽病災害的影響，洪都拉斯國內小型咖啡莊園農收成受到嚴重影響。該國已經爲整個中美兄弟國家促進咖啡生產重量做出了巨大貢獻。根據美國國家農業部發布的咖啡有關報告中，特別提出在本次咖啡作物年（本年度收成），洪都拉斯將創5百90萬袋的咖啡生豆產量新紀錄。美國農業部還指出，洪都拉斯在2015-2016年度的咖啡總出口量將首次超越印度尼西亞，因爲該國已成功研製成功可以抗葉鏽病的新型咖啡樹種，而且今年將迎來首次採摘豐收。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
洪都拉斯政府採取的這一次農業轉型政策與咖啡生豆市場創18個月以來新低有着密切的關係。很多期貨分析師預測，近期許多主要咖啡生產國的股票將會上漲價格上漲，但這只是預測。截至本書，最新的期貨咖啡價格爲1.1705美元。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
漿果爲大家普及一下什麼是咖啡葉鏽病。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
咖啡葉鏽病，英文Coffee Leaf Rust。破壞性最大的咖啡樹疾病，爲咖啡駝孢鏽菌（Hemileia vastatrix）所致。此病在非洲、近東及印度、亞洲、澳大拉西亞（Australasia）等生產咖啡的地區發生已久，1970年首次出現於西半球，發現於巴西。斯里蘭卡及爪哇一度興旺的咖啡種植園即毀於該病。症狀爲葉表面出現黃色小油斑，後擴大成鮮橙色至紅色圓斑，最後轉褐色，具黃色邊緣。鏽菌孢子堆位於葉下表面，橙黃色，後轉黑色。病葉下垂，逐漸脫落，數年內植株即死亡。控制方法爲於潮溼季節及時噴殺真菌劑；某些地區的種植園已遷移至海拔1800～2100公尺（6000～7000呎）較涼爽的地方，在該處鏽菌不易繁殖。施行檢疫亦減少遠距離播散的機會。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
其實此病是可以預防的。只要向咖啡農普及預防知識，就不會得此病。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
①咖啡園應適當種植廕庇樹；</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
②充分利用防風林的生態效應；</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
③合理密植；</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
④搞好園間衛生；</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
⑤合理施肥；</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
⑥選種抗病品種。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
除此之外，還可以化學防治：現時用於防治咖啡鏽病的農藥主要有含銅殺菌劑和內吸性殺菌劑。含銅殺菌劑中以0.5%鹼性或中性波爾多液最爲普遍；其次是50%氧化亞銅可溼性粉劑，使用濃度爲0.35%～0.7%；50%氫氧化銅可溼性粉劑，使用濃度爲0.35%。</div>
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'acount' => '13',
'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}/{M}{D}/{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '1',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '320',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-zixun/waiguokafeixinxi.html',
'total' => 13,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
323 =>
array (
'id' => '323',
'pid' => '2',
'pids' => '0,1,2',
'name' => '7月資訊',
'dirname' => '7yuezixun',
'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/zixun/',
'child' => 0,
'childids' => 323,
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '1',
'namerule' => '{typedir}{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '1',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '323',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-7yuezixun.html',
'total' => 1,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
) |
| urlrule |
'/views-63954-[page].html' |
| fix_html_now_url |
'' |
| my_web_url |
'https://cdn.gafei.com/views-63954' |
| get |
array (
's' => 'article',
'c' => 'show',
'id' => '63954',
'm' => 'index',
) |
