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'<p>
據哥斯達黎加《金融家》報12月14日報道。最近30年哥咖啡種植面積減少6.4%。1984年爲89881公頃，2015年只剩84133公頃。咖啡園不得不把土地讓給房地產用地，這在大都會地區尤爲明顯。同時，世界的咖啡價格變動使咖啡種植的利潤逐漸減少，這都是擺在咖啡園主面前的挑戰，只能通過提高生產效率和增加產品附加值來繼續咖啡生意。</p>
<p>
咖啡種植面積不僅降低，咖啡種植園數量也在下降。據哥統計署製作的農業統計圖集和第四次全國農業普查(2014年)數據顯示，最近30年咖啡種植園從34464座減少到26527座，減少23%。</p>
<p>
其他農業活動如油棕櫚、甘蔗、水稻、香蕉和菠蘿在種植面積和種植園區數量上都有所增長，對咖啡種植施以壓力。如30年裏菠蘿種植面積增長了15倍，由2497公頃增加到2014年的37660公頃。甘蔗種植園數量減少了34%，但種植面積增加了38%。而香蕉種植園數量翻了四番，種植面積也增長了60%。現在大的咖啡種植園集中在Perez Zeledón， Coto Brus 和 Naranjo地區。</p>
<p>
根據官方數據，大都會地區人口在1984-2011年間從1，288，082人增加到2，268，248人，而在1982-2013年間大都會地區建築區域翻了一番，對此哥斯達黎加咖啡研究院主任羅納德·彼得斯(Ronald Peters)認爲這是致使咖啡種植園和種植面積減少的主要原因。雖然咖啡種植在此地減少，卻在大都會以外地區如Los Santos地區增加。</p>
<p>
紐約商品交易所的咖啡價格異常波動也使許多咖啡種植者放棄種植，今年12月1日每100磅咖啡收盤價是117美元，而5年前爲230美元。</p>
<p>
除了咖啡價格和種植面積以外，最讓咖啡研究院頭疼的是咖啡生產率和質量。哥斯達黎加的咖啡生產率一直不高，每公頃平均約30法內加，現在只有24法內加。當前關鍵是將咖啡園現代化、尋求抵抗氣候和病蟲害的咖啡品種。</p>
<p>
來源： 商務部</p>
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