咖啡危機：人類最愛的飲品正走向末日？

作者：BBC 來源：咖啡豆: 咖啡新聞 > 2025-03-16 17:29:08

一邊喝着拿鐵和意式濃咖啡，一邊閱讀報紙的頭條，我們似乎感覺不到氣候變化是多大的威脅。然而，跨越幾千英里，來到這杯提神飲品的原產地，你就會切切實實地感受到氣候變化的威脅是多麼真實。

近日，來自加利福尼亞大學聖巴巴拉分校（University of California ，Santa Barbara）的研究員埃莉薩•弗蘭克（Elisa Frank）對墨西哥恰帕斯州（Chiapas）種植咖啡的農戶進行了訪談。相比於人們習以爲常的較溫和的降雨，他們悉心照料的咖啡種植園現在經常遭受強暴雨後的雨水浸淹。

一位接受採訪的咖啡農戶告訴弗蘭克：“我們小時候雨沒有現在這麼大。如今，咖啡葉和咖啡果都被雨打風吹去，咖啡樹的產量減少了。”

那裏的咖啡農戶曾經享有穩定而溫和的自然環境。但眼下，氣溫不是冷到妨礙植株正常生長，就是熱到咖啡果都還沒得及採收就已經被烤乾。

此外，颶風和泥石流還經常到訪；有時候，泥漿可以淹沒整個種植園。這情形就像一位咖啡農戶形容的那樣：“現在天氣非常怪異。總髮生一些奇奇怪怪、前所未見的事情。”

產量觸頂

這些問題並不只侷限於墨西哥一地。南美洲、亞洲、非洲的咖啡農戶都親眼目睹了旱災、暴雨、病蟲害導致咖啡種植園萎縮減產的事例。這都是全球變暖的後果。

很快，這種衝擊會通過整個產業鏈，最後影響到你經常關顧的本地咖啡館。現在，人們養成了喝咖啡的習慣，樂此不疲，全球每天消耗二十億杯咖啡。但當咖啡作物受到極端天氣蹂躪、收成銳減時，我們又如何能確保源源不斷的咖啡供應？如果咖啡農戶無法滿足這些需求，是不是我們馬上就要達到咖啡產量的 “頂峯”？

Image caption去年，咖啡鏽病使得尼加拉瓜（Nicaragua）的農場遭受嚴重破壞。這或許是一種令人感到不祥的徵兆，預示着後續將要發生的事情（圖片來源：Getty Images）

部分人士擔心，人類爲應對這些挑戰而做出的努力只會適得其反，造成更爲嚴重的環境破壞。其他人則認爲，唯一的解救辦法便是從咖啡飲品自身入手，改變其深受喜愛的香味。而不管問題的答案是什麼，趁現在還有機會，請細細地品味你的意式濃咖啡：我們所熟知的咖啡可能正在走向末日。

在某種程度上，問題出在人們的口味越來越細膩。商用咖啡豆主要有兩個品種：阿拉比卡咖啡（Coffea Arabica）品種和羅布斯塔咖啡（Coffea Robusta）品種，前者香味更爲濃郁，後者則苦味較重。到目前爲止，阿拉比卡咖啡豆由於其複雜多層次的口感而成爲全世界人民的最愛，佔到整個咖啡飲品市場的70%。

咖啡那些深受喜愛的高雅品性是以植物的強度性能爲代價的，然而，比起它同屬的強悍品種，它對壓力要敏感得多。正如英國廣播公司（BBC）雜誌近日所報道的那樣，幾乎所有的商用阿拉比卡咖啡樹均引種自埃塞俄比亞（Ethiopia）山區的極少數咖啡植株。這使得它的基因多樣性很低，而且非常容易受到氣候變化的影響。

阿拉比卡咖啡樹在相對溫和的溫度環境下生長狀態最佳，這對應的溫度範圍非常小，僅在攝氏18到20度間；同時，阿拉比卡咖啡樹的成長還需要溫和而規律的降雨。

柏林洪堡大學（Humboldt University）的克里斯汀•布恩（Christian Bunn）指出：“它對氣候又有非常特別的要求，所以走遍全球，你也只能找到不多的一些合適的地方。”這使得它與其他作物非常不同，例如數千年來培育栽種的玉米，它可以適應許多不同的環境。

Image caption我們用來提神醒腦的咖啡因是否對環境造成了巨大的破壞？（圖片：Getty Images）

精緻嬌氣的阿拉比卡咖啡樹恰恰不能適應隨着全球變暖而變得不同以往且變幻莫測的環境條件。以墨西哥爲例，驟升的溫度似乎連帶着更加猛烈的降雨，使得咖啡樹在結果前就遭到毀壞。

蘇黎世聯邦理工學院（ETH Zurich）陸地生態研究所（Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems）的埃因霍爾•邁格拉赫（Ainhoa Magrach）解釋說：“咖啡樹開花的時間僅48小時，所以一旦開花期間發生意外，例如一場大風暴席捲當地，整個作物就全廢了。”

在其他生長地區的咖啡樹則面臨着正好相反的問題：乾旱。當樂施會（Oxfam）對烏干達（Uganda）魯文佐裏山脈（Rwenzori Mountains）地區的咖啡廠商訪談時，他們抱怨因爲高溫乾旱影響，使得咖啡結果實前花朵就乾枯掉落。縱使能夠開花結果，咖啡豆也是又皺又小。

而咖啡樹的天敵能在更爲燥熱的天氣中存活下來，這就造成了更大的麻煩。這些天敵既有害蟲也有疫病，前者如潛葉蟲、咖啡果小蠹、粉介殼蟲，後者如葉鏽病。在最近一次的疫病蔓延中，中美洲的咖啡樹受葉鏽病侵蝕，光是2013年的收成就下滑了20%。然而，隨着氣候變得更暖，這樣的災害事件可能會更加普遍。

把單一、反常的災害事件從一個更大的趨勢中分離出來會很費勁，所以估算長期損失並非易事。但是，一個研究團隊基於對坦桑尼亞（Tanzania）自20世紀60年代以來的咖啡產量變化的觀察，發現咖啡作物的產量從當年每公頃500公斤的高峯降至今天的僅僅300公斤。關鍵在於，咖啡作物收成的變化似乎與當地溫度每10年上升約0.3攝氏度，以及與此相關的降雨量減少的趨勢緊密相關。

Image caption全年的咖啡收成可能取決於花期這幾天，期間咖啡樹易受極端天氣的影響破壞（圖片來源：Science Photo Library）

以上的一切都描繪着未來的暗淡圖景。運用最新全球氣候變化的數據進行測算，布恩預測，到2050年，適宜種植阿拉比卡咖啡樹的土地面積可能減半。傳統的咖啡產區（例如越南、印度以及中美洲的大部分地區）將受到尤爲嚴重的衝擊。

這將給咖啡農戶和咖啡愛好者帶來同樣嚴重的後果。首先，我們可以預計，咖啡或將成爲一種奢侈品。布恩在他的博士論文中推算咖啡的價格將因此飆升約25%。他指出，反觀其他農作物，隨着科技與生產率的持續進步，它們的價格將變得越來越便宜，咖啡價格的這個變化將因此而格外醒目。布恩表示，如果考慮到別的農產品的情況，實際上，咖啡的價格將比沒有受到氣候變化影響的的時候貴出50%。

然而，咖啡農戶不大可能得到什麼利益。在經歷了多年的動盪後，很多咖啡農戶很可能會放棄咖啡，轉而種植更爲穩定的作物。布恩說：“當我們把研究的結果呈現給咖啡廠商的面前時，每個人都告訴我們這種預測是對的，比如中美洲低海拔地區的人們早已放棄咖啡生產，而轉向橡膠種植。

考慮到有錢可賺，其它地區的人幾乎肯定會加入咖啡生產來滿足我們的需求。而這可能會對環境造成巨大的破壞。近日，邁格拉赫在地圖上標出了適宜種植阿拉比卡咖啡樹的區域，並將它與和大自然利益攸關的區域進行比照。

Image caption2500萬人的生計問題都有賴於科學家找到一種方法，來保護脆弱敏感的咖啡樹和成熟中的咖啡果實。(圖片來源: Getty Images)

在最糟糕的情形下，她發現爲了滿足預期的咖啡需求，我們將需要蠶食220萬公頃的熱帶雨林，相當於威爾士（Wales）的面積，而這將大大加劇生物多樣性的喪失。

這裏也可能有更好的解決辦法。考慮到羅布斯塔咖啡的強耐受性，它能更好地適應這些變化；甚至連邁格拉赫的模型都表明它的優選產地可能由於氣溫升高而擴張。

這樣的話，簡單地換一換口味就可以避免咖啡業的破產。當然，前提是人類能逐漸喜歡上它的苦味。邁格拉赫表示：“這樣對森林肯定是更好了。”未來，她希望食品標籤至少要註明咖啡豆是否產自生態脆弱地區，這樣的話，消費者意識到其中的環境成本，就會做出更符合生態倫理的消費行爲。

另一些人士則認爲改良的種植技術能保證咖啡供應源源不斷。沿着這些思路，咖啡與氣候組織（Coffee and Climate ）的行動計劃正幫助逾十二位不同的咖啡生產商羣策羣力，應對即將到來的挑戰，共同謀求最佳出路。

例如，其中的一個方案便是將阿拉比卡咖啡樹嫁接到羅布斯塔咖啡樹的根莖上，培育一種在保留備受喜愛的芳香口感的同時，能更好地抵禦旱災的雜交品種。

同理，選擇性育種可以幫助培育出一個同時兼具羅布斯塔和阿拉比卡的優點的品種。邁格拉赫補充道：“人們正在研究這個，但我們也不確定什麼時候會這種新型樹種可以培育出來。”

我們能否儘快找到其中的答案，決定了咖啡農戶和其他咖啡生意人的生計問題能否解決，據一項估算，這個羣體至少有2500萬人。眼下，就像埃弗蘭克在墨西哥訪談中所發現的那樣，咖啡農戶們每天都面對着不確定性，這種滋味令人倍感煎熬。

儘管許多咖啡農戶收聽電視裏的天氣預報，並盡力對即將到來的傾盆大雨做好準備，但是他們仍會感到無助，任由自己無法控制的力量裹挾擺佈。

一些咖啡農戶覺得關於氣候變化的話題幾乎成了一種忌諱。一名咖啡農戶告訴弗蘭克：“我們基本上不談論氣候。我們早已知道它就在這裏，而我們什麼都做不了。”

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2015-08-31 13:15:03 責任編輯：BBC

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content	'<p class="story-body__introduction" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5; margin: 28px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 一邊喝着拿鐵和意式濃咖啡，一邊閱讀報紙的頭條，我們似乎感覺不到氣候變化是多大的威脅。然而，跨越幾千英里，來到這杯提神飲品的原產地，你就會切切實實地感受到氣候變化的威脅是多麼真實。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 23px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 近日，來自加利福尼亞大學聖巴巴拉分校（University of California ，Santa Barbara）的研究員埃莉薩•弗蘭克（Elisa Frank）對墨西哥恰帕斯州（Chiapas）種植咖啡的農戶進行了訪談。相比於人們習以爲常的較溫和的降雨，他們悉心照料的咖啡種植園現在經常遭受強暴雨後的雨水浸淹。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 一位接受採訪的咖啡農戶告訴弗蘭克：“我們小時候雨沒有現在這麼大。如今，咖啡葉和咖啡果都被雨打風吹去，咖啡樹的產量減少了。”</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 那裏的咖啡農戶曾經享有穩定而溫和的自然環境。但眼下，氣溫不是冷到妨礙植株正常生長，就是熱到咖啡果都還沒得及採收就已經被烤乾。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 此外，颶風和泥石流還經常到訪；有時候，泥漿可以淹沒整個種植園。這情形就像一位咖啡農戶形容的那樣：“現在天氣非常怪異。總髮生一些奇奇怪怪、前所未見的事情。”</p> <h2 class="story-body__crosshead" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(30, 30, 30); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 2rem; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 產量觸頂</h2> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 這些問題並不只侷限於墨西哥一地。南美洲、亞洲、非洲的咖啡農戶都親眼目睹了旱災、暴雨、病蟲害導致咖啡種植園萎縮減產的事例。這都是全球變暖的後果。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 很快，這種衝擊會通過整個產業鏈，最後影響到你經常關顧的本地咖啡館。現在，人們養成了喝咖啡的習慣，樂此不疲，全球每天消耗二十億杯咖啡。但當咖啡作物受到極端天氣蹂躪、收成銳減時，我們又如何能確保源源不斷的咖啡供應？如果咖啡農戶無法滿足這些需求，是不是我們馬上就要達到咖啡產量的 “頂峯”？</p> <figure class="media-landscape has-caption full-width" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16px; margin: 24px -24.640625px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17); clear: both;"> <span class="image-and-copyright-container" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img alt="" class="js-image-replace" datasrc="/uploads/allimg/150831/131503BY-0.jpg" height="351" src="/uploads/allimg/150831/131503BY-0.jpg" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(189, 189, 189); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; -webkit-user-select: none; width: 616.203125px; display: block;" width="624" /><span class="off-screen" style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span class="story-image-copyright" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(236, 236, 236); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-size: 0.9rem; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">BBC World Service</span></span><figcaption class="media-caption" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span class="off-screen" style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span class="media-caption__text" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(236, 236, 236); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-size: 1.2rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">去年，咖啡鏽病使得尼加拉瓜（Nicaragua）的農場遭受嚴重破壞。這或許是一種令人感到不祥的徵兆，預示着後續將要發生的事情（圖片來源：Getty Images）</span></figcaption></figure> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 部分人士擔心，人類爲應對這些挑戰而做出的努力只會適得其反，造成更爲嚴重的環境破壞。其他人則認爲，唯一的解救辦法便是從咖啡飲品自身入手，改變其深受喜愛的香味。而不管問題的答案是什麼，趁現在還有機會，請細細地品味你的意式濃咖啡：我們所熟知的咖啡可能正在走向末日。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 在某種程度上，問題出在人們的口味越來越細膩。商用咖啡豆主要有兩個品種：阿拉比卡咖啡（Coffea Arabica）品種和羅布斯塔咖啡（Coffea Robusta）品種，前者香味更爲濃郁，後者則苦味較重。到目前爲止，阿拉比卡咖啡豆由於其複雜多層次的口感而成爲全世界人民的最愛，佔到整個咖啡飲品市場的70%。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 咖啡那些深受喜愛的高雅品性是以植物的強度性能爲代價的，然而，比起它同屬的強悍品種，它對壓力要敏感得多。正如英國廣播公司（BBC）雜誌近日所報道的那樣，幾乎所有的商用阿拉比卡咖啡樹均引種自埃塞俄比亞（Ethiopia）山區的極少數咖啡植株。這使得它的基因多樣性很低，而且非常容易受到氣候變化的影響。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 阿拉比卡咖啡樹在相對溫和的溫度環境下生長狀態最佳，這對應的溫度範圍非常小，僅在攝氏18到20度間；同時，阿拉比卡咖啡樹的成長還需要溫和而規律的降雨。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 柏林洪堡大學（Humboldt University）的克里斯汀•布恩（Christian Bunn）指出：“它對氣候又有非常特別的要求，所以走遍全球，你也只能找到不多的一些合適的地方。”這使得它與其他作物非常不同，例如數千年來培育栽種的玉米，它可以適應許多不同的環境。</p> <figure class="media-landscape has-caption full-width" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16px; margin: 24px -24.640625px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17); clear: both;"> <span class="image-and-copyright-container" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img alt="" class="js-image-replace" datasrc="/uploads/allimg/150831/13150324I-2.jpg" height="351" src="/uploads/allimg/150831/13150324I-2.jpg" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(189, 189, 189); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; -webkit-user-select: none; width: 616.203125px; display: block;" width="624" /><span class="off-screen" style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span class="story-image-copyright" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(236, 236, 236); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-size: 0.9rem; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">BBC World Service</span></span><figcaption class="media-caption" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span class="off-screen" style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span class="media-caption__text" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(236, 236, 236); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-size: 1.2rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">我們用來提神醒腦的咖啡因是否對環境造成了巨大的破壞？（圖片：Getty Images）</span></figcaption></figure> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 精緻嬌氣的阿拉比卡咖啡樹恰恰不能適應隨着全球變暖而變得不同以往且變幻莫測的環境條件。以墨西哥爲例，驟升的溫度似乎連帶着更加猛烈的降雨，使得咖啡樹在結果前就遭到毀壞。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 蘇黎世聯邦理工學院（ETH Zurich）陸地生態研究所（Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems）的埃因霍爾•邁格拉赫（Ainhoa Magrach）解釋說：“咖啡樹開花的時間僅48小時，所以一旦開花期間發生意外，例如一場大風暴席捲當地，整個作物就全廢了。”</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 在其他生長地區的咖啡樹則面臨着正好相反的問題：乾旱。當樂施會（Oxfam）對烏干達（Uganda）魯文佐裏山脈（Rwenzori Mountains）地區的咖啡廠商訪談時，他們抱怨因爲高溫乾旱影響，使得咖啡結果實前花朵就乾枯掉落。縱使能夠開花結果，咖啡豆也是又皺又小。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 而咖啡樹的天敵能在更爲燥熱的天氣中存活下來，這就造成了更大的麻煩。這些天敵既有害蟲也有疫病，前者如潛葉蟲、咖啡果小蠹、粉介殼蟲，後者如葉鏽病。在最近一次的疫病蔓延中，中美洲的咖啡樹受葉鏽病侵蝕，光是2013年的收成就下滑了20%。然而，隨着氣候變得更暖，這樣的災害事件可能會更加普遍。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 把單一、反常的災害事件從一個更大的趨勢中分離出來會很費勁，所以估算長期損失並非易事。但是，一個研究團隊基於對坦桑尼亞（Tanzania）自20世紀60年代以來的咖啡產量變化的觀察，發現咖啡作物的產量從當年每公頃500公斤的高峯降至今天的僅僅300公斤。關鍵在於，咖啡作物收成的變化似乎與當地溫度每10年上升約0.3攝氏度，以及與此相關的降雨量減少的趨勢緊密相關。</p> <figure class="media-landscape has-caption full-width" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16px; margin: 24px -24.640625px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17); clear: both;"> <span class="image-and-copyright-container" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img alt="" class="js-image-replace" datasrc="/uploads/allimg/150831/131503L36-4.jpg" height="351" src="/uploads/allimg/150831/131503L36-4.jpg" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(189, 189, 189); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; -webkit-user-select: none; width: 616.203125px; display: block;" width="624" /><span class="off-screen" style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span class="story-image-copyright" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(236, 236, 236); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-size: 0.9rem; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">BBC World Service</span></span><figcaption class="media-caption" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span class="off-screen" style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span class="media-caption__text" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(236, 236, 236); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-size: 1.2rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">全年的咖啡收成可能取決於花期這幾天，期間咖啡樹易受極端天氣的影響破壞（圖片來源：Science Photo Library）</span></figcaption></figure> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 以上的一切都描繪着未來的暗淡圖景。運用最新全球氣候變化的數據進行測算，布恩預測，到2050年，適宜種植阿拉比卡咖啡樹的土地面積可能減半。傳統的咖啡產區（例如越南、印度以及中美洲的大部分地區）將受到尤爲嚴重的衝擊。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 這將給咖啡農戶和咖啡愛好者帶來同樣嚴重的後果。首先，我們可以預計，咖啡或將成爲一種奢侈品。布恩在他的博士論文中推算咖啡的價格將因此飆升約25%。他指出，反觀其他農作物，隨着科技與生產率的持續進步，它們的價格將變得越來越便宜，咖啡價格的這個變化將因此而格外醒目。布恩表示，如果考慮到別的農產品的情況，實際上，咖啡的價格將比沒有受到氣候變化影響的的時候貴出50%。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 然而，咖啡農戶不大可能得到什麼利益。在經歷了多年的動盪後，很多咖啡農戶很可能會放棄咖啡，轉而種植更爲穩定的作物。布恩說：“當我們把研究的結果呈現給咖啡廠商的面前時，每個人都告訴我們這種預測是對的，比如中美洲低海拔地區的人們早已放棄咖啡生產，而轉向橡膠種植。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 考慮到有錢可賺，其它地區的人幾乎肯定會加入咖啡生產來滿足我們的需求。而這可能會對環境造成巨大的破壞。近日，邁格拉赫在地圖上標出了適宜種植阿拉比卡咖啡樹的區域，並將它與和大自然利益攸關的區域進行比照。</p> <figure class="media-landscape has-caption full-width" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16px; margin: 24px -24.640625px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(17, 17, 17); clear: both;"> <span class="image-and-copyright-container" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img alt="" class="js-image-replace" datasrc="/uploads/allimg/150831/13150321J-6.jpg" height="351" src="/uploads/allimg/150831/13150321J-6.jpg" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(189, 189, 189); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; -webkit-user-select: none; width: 616.203125px; display: block;" width="624" /><span class="off-screen" style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span class="story-image-copyright" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(236, 236, 236); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-size: 0.9rem; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">BBC World Service</span></span><figcaption class="media-caption" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span class="off-screen" style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span class="media-caption__text" style="border: 0px; color: rgb(236, 236, 236); font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-size: 1.2rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">2500萬人的生計問題都有賴於科學家找到一種方法，來保護脆弱敏感的咖啡樹和成熟中的咖啡果實。(圖片來源: Getty Images)</span></figcaption></figure> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 在最糟糕的情形下，她發現爲了滿足預期的咖啡需求，我們將需要蠶食220萬公頃的熱帶雨林，相當於威爾士（Wales）的面積，而這將大大加劇生物多樣性的喪失。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 這裏也可能有更好的解決辦法。考慮到羅布斯塔咖啡的強耐受性，它能更好地適應這些變化；甚至連邁格拉赫的模型都表明它的優選產地可能由於氣溫升高而擴張。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 這樣的話，簡單地換一換口味就可以避免咖啡業的破產。當然，前提是人類能逐漸喜歡上它的苦味。邁格拉赫表示：“這樣對森林肯定是更好了。”未來，她希望食品標籤至少要註明咖啡豆是否產自生態脆弱地區，這樣的話，消費者意識到其中的環境成本，就會做出更符合生態倫理的消費行爲。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 另一些人士則認爲改良的種植技術能保證咖啡供應源源不斷。沿着這些思路，咖啡與氣候組織（Coffee and Climate ）的行動計劃正幫助逾十二位不同的咖啡生產商羣策羣力，應對即將到來的挑戰，共同謀求最佳出路。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 例如，其中的一個方案便是將阿拉比卡咖啡樹嫁接到羅布斯塔咖啡樹的根莖上，培育一種在保留備受喜愛的芳香口感的同時，能更好地抵禦旱災的雜交品種。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 同理，選擇性育種可以幫助培育出一個同時兼具羅布斯塔和阿拉比卡的優點的品種。邁格拉赫補充道：“人們正在研究這個，但我們也不確定什麼時候會這種新型樹種可以培育出來。”</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 我們能否儘快找到其中的答案，決定了咖啡農戶和其他咖啡生意人的生計問題能否解決，據一項估算，這個羣體至少有2500萬人。眼下，就像埃弗蘭克在墨西哥訪談中所發現的那樣，咖啡農戶們每天都面對着不確定性，這種滋味令人倍感煎熬。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 儘管許多咖啡農戶收聽電視裏的天氣預報，並盡力對即將到來的傾盆大雨做好準備，但是他們仍會感到無助，任由自己無法控制的力量裹挾擺佈。</p> <p style="border: 0px; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 華文黑體, \'Microsoft YaHei\', 微軟雅黑, SimSun, 宋體, \'WenQuanYi Micro Hei\', sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 一些咖啡農戶覺得關於氣候變化的話題幾乎成了一種忌諱。一名咖啡農戶告訴弗蘭克：“我們基本上不談論氣候。我們早已知道它就在這裏，而我們什麼都做不了。”</p> '
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parent	array ( 'id' => '1', 'pid' => '0', 'pids' => '0', 'name' => '咖啡新聞', 'dirname' => 'kafeixinwen', 'pdirname' => '', 'child' => 1, 'childids' => '1,2,319,320,323,3,302,303,304,305,66,190,316,317,318', 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '咖啡新聞', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '755', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '1', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '1', 1 => '2', 2 => '319', 3 => '320', 4 => '323', 5 => '3', 6 => '302', 7 => '303', 8 => '304', 9 => '305', 10 => '66', 11 => '190', 12 => '316', 13 => '317', 14 => '318', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-kafeixinwen.html', 'total' => 2192, 'field' => array ( ), )
markid	'module-article-1'
related	array ( 2 => array ( 'id' => '2', 'pid' => '1', 'pids' => '0,1', 'name' => '咖啡資訊', 'dirname' => 'zixun', 'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/', 'child' => 1, 'childids' => '2,319,320,323', 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '咖啡資訊_咖啡咖啡圈最新最全的咖啡信息', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '8227', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '1', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '2', 1 => '319', 2 => '320', 3 => '323', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-zixun.html', 'total' => 54, 'field' => array ( ), ), 3 => array ( 'id' => '3', 'pid' => '1', 'pids' => '0,1', 'name' => '咖啡行業', 'dirname' => 'xingye', 'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/', 'child' => 1, 'childids' => '3,302,303,304,305', 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '行業', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '1410', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '1', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '3', 1 => '302', 2 => '303', 3 => '304', 4 => '305', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-xingye.html', 'total' => 1582, 'field' => array ( ), ), 66 => array ( 'id' => '66', 'pid' => '1', 'pids' => '0,1', 'name' => '中國咖啡', 'dirname' => 'zhongguokafei', 'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 66, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '中國咖啡_中國咖啡品牌_中國咖啡市場分析', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '151', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '1', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '66', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-zhongguokafei.html', 'total' => 151, 'field' => array ( ), ), 190 => array ( 'id' => '190', 'pid' => '1', 'pids' => '0,1', 'name' => '雲南咖啡資訊', 'dirname' => 'yunnankafeizixun', 'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 190, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '80', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '1', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '190', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-yunnankafeizixun.html', 'total' => 80, 'field' => array ( ), ), 316 => array ( 'id' => '316', 'pid' => '1', 'pids' => '0,1', 'name' => '咖啡比賽新聞', 'dirname' => 'kafeibisaixinwen', 'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 316, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '41', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '1', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '316', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-kafeibisaixinwen.html', 'total' => 41, 'field' => array ( ), ), 317 => array ( 'id' => '317', 'pid' => '1', 'pids' => '0,1', 'name' => '國外咖啡信息', 'dirname' => 'guowaikafeixinxi', 'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 317, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '90', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '1', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '317', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-guowaikafeixinxi.html', 'total' => 90, 'field' => array ( ), ), 318 => array ( 'id' => '318', 'pid' => '1', 'pids' => '0,1', 'name' => '咖啡八卦信息', 'dirname' => 'kafeibaguaxinxi', 'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 318, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '194', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '1', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '318', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-kafeibaguaxinxi.html', 'total' => 194, 'field' => array ( ), ), )
urlrule	'/views-38425-[page].html'
fix_html_now_url	''
my_web_url	'https://cdn.gafei.com/views-38425'
get	array ( 's' => 'article', 'c' => 'show', 'id' => '38425', 'm' => 'index', )

Files ( 149 )

App.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/App.php
Autoload.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Autoload.php
Cache.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Cache.php
Cache.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Cache.php
CodeIgniter.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/CodeIgniter.php
Constants.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Constants.php
Content.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Content.php
ContentSecurityPolicy.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/ContentSecurityPolicy.php
Cookie.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Cookie.php
Database.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Database.php
Date.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Date.php
Exceptions.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Exceptions.php
Exceptions.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Exceptions.php
Field.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Field.php
File.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Field/File.php
Filters.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Filters.php
Helper.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Helper.php
Hooks.php	FCPATH/App/Bdts/Config/Hooks.php
Hooks.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Hooks.php
Init.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Init.php
Input.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Input.php
Kint.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Kint.php
Lang.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Lang.php
Logger.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Logger.php
Member.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Member.php
Model.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Model.php
Module.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Home/Module.php
Modules.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Modules.php
Paths.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Paths.php
Phpcmf.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Phpcmf.php
Request.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Request.php
Router.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Router.php
Router.php	FCPATH/My/Library/Router.php
Routes.php	APPPATH/Config/Routes.php
Routes.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Routes.php
Security.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Security.php
Seo.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Seo.php
Service.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Service.php
Services.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Services.php
Show.php	APPPATH/Controllers/Show.php
Text.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Text.php
Textarea.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Textarea.php
Toolbar.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Toolbar.php
Ueditor.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Ueditor.php
UserAgents.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/UserAgents.php
Version.php	FCPATH/My/Config/Version.php
View.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/View.php
View.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Core/View.php
View.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/View.php
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_1.htm.cache.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_1.htm.cache.php
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_2.htm.cache.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_2.htm.cache.php
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_show.html.cache.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_show.html.cache.php
cache.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/cache.php
custom.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/custom.php
database.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/database.php
domain_app.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/domain_app.php
domain_client.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/domain_client.php
hooks.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/hooks.php
index.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/hk/index.php
lang.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/hk/api/language/zh-cn/lang.php
memcached.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/memcached.php
redis.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/redis.php
rewrite.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/rewrite.php
site.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/site.php
system.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/system.php
AutoloadConfig.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/AutoloadConfig.php
Autoloader.php	SYSTEMPATH/Autoloader/Autoloader.php
BaseBuilder.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseBuilder.php
BaseCollector.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/BaseCollector.php
BaseConfig.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/BaseConfig.php
BaseConnection.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseConnection.php
BaseHandler.php	SYSTEMPATH/Cache/Handlers/BaseHandler.php
BaseResult.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseResult.php
BaseService.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/BaseService.php
Builder.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Builder.php
CacheFactory.php	SYSTEMPATH/Cache/CacheFactory.php
CacheInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/Cache/CacheInterface.php
CliRenderer.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/CliRenderer.php
CloneableCookieInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CloneableCookieInterface.php
CodeIgniter.php	SYSTEMPATH/CodeIgniter.php
Common.php	SYSTEMPATH/Common.php
Config.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/Config.php
Config.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/Config.php
Connection.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Connection.php
ConnectionInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/ConnectionInterface.php
ContentSecurityPolicy.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ContentSecurityPolicy.php
Controller.php	SYSTEMPATH/Controller.php
Cookie.php	SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/Cookie.php
CookieInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CookieInterface.php
CookieStore.php	SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CookieStore.php
Database.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/Database.php
Database.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Database.php
DebugToolbar.php	SYSTEMPATH/Filters/DebugToolbar.php
DotEnv.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/DotEnv.php
Escaper.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Escaper/Escaper.php
Events.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Events.php
Events.php	SYSTEMPATH/Events/Events.php
Exceptions.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Exceptions.php
Factories.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/Factories.php
Factory.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/Factory.php
FileLocator.php	SYSTEMPATH/Autoloader/FileLocator.php
Files.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Files.php
FilterInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/Filters/FilterInterface.php
Filters.php	SYSTEMPATH/Filters/Filters.php
Header.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Header.php
IncomingRequest.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/IncomingRequest.php
Kint.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Kint.php
Logger.php	SYSTEMPATH/Log/Logger.php
LoggerInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/PSR/Log/LoggerInterface.php
Logs.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Logs.php
Message.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Message.php
MessageInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/MessageInterface.php
MessageTrait.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/MessageTrait.php
Modules.php	SYSTEMPATH/Modules/Modules.php
Query.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/Query.php
QueryInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/QueryInterface.php
RedisHandler.php	SYSTEMPATH/Cache/Handlers/RedisHandler.php
Renderer.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/Renderer.php
RendererInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/View/RendererInterface.php
Request.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Request.php
RequestInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/RequestInterface.php
RequestTrait.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/RequestTrait.php
Response.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Response.php
ResponseInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ResponseInterface.php
ResponseTrait.php	SYSTEMPATH/API/ResponseTrait.php
ResponseTrait.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ResponseTrait.php
Result.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Result.php
ResultInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/ResultInterface.php
RichRenderer.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/RichRenderer.php
RouteCollection.php	SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouteCollection.php
RouteCollectionInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouteCollectionInterface.php
Router.php	SYSTEMPATH/Router/Router.php
RouterInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouterInterface.php
Routes.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/Routes.php
Routes.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Routes.php
Services.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/Services.php
TextRenderer.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/TextRenderer.php
Timer.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Timer.php
Timers.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Timers.php
Toolbar.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar.php
URI.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/URI.php
UserAgent.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/UserAgent.php
Utils.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Utils.php
View.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/View.php
View.php	SYSTEMPATH/View/View.php
Views.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Views.php
init.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/init.php
init_helpers.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/init_helpers.php
url_helper.php	SYSTEMPATH/Helpers/url_helper.php

Routes

Matched Route

Directory:
Controller:	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show
Method:	index
Params:	0 / 0

Defined Routes

Method	Route	Handler
GET	/	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index
HEAD	/	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index
POST	/	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index
PUT	/	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index
DELETE	/	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index
OPTIONS	/	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index
TRACE	/	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index
CONNECT	/	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index
CLI	migrations/([^/]+)/([^/]+)	\CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::$1/$2
CLI	migrations/([^/]+)	\CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::$1
CLI	migrations	\CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::index
CLI	ci(.*)	\CodeIgniter\CLI\CommandRunner::index/$1
CLI	/	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index

Events

Time	Event Name	Times Called
10.69 ms	pre_system	1
0.14 ms	dbquery	9

History

Datetime	Status	Method	URL	Content-Type	Is AJAX?
2025-03-16 17:29:12	200	GET	https://bak.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-03-16 17:29:11	200	GET	https://www.php168.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-03-16 17:29:10	200	GET	https://codec.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-03-16 17:29:09	200	GET	https://www.php168.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-03-16 17:29:08	200	GET	https://cdn.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-03-16 17:29:07	200	GET	https://www.php168.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-03-16 17:29:06	200	HEAD	https://codec.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-03-16 17:29:05	200	GET	https://www.php168.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-03-16 17:29:04	200	GET	https://www.php168.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-03-16 17:29:03	200	GET	https://www.php168.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-03-16 17:29:01	200	GET	https://www.php168.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-03-16 17:29:00	200	GET	https://cdn.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-03-16 17:28:59	200	GET	https://owa.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-03-16 17:28:58	200	GET	https://codec.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-03-16 17:28:57	200	GET	https://www.php168.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-03-16 17:28:56	200	GET	https://test.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-03-16 17:28:55	200	GET	https://codec.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-03-16 17:28:53	200	GET	https://bak.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-03-16 17:28:52	200	GET	https://www.php168.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-03-16 17:28:51	200	GET	https://www.php168.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No

View Data

Session User Data

Session doesn't seem to be active.

Request ( HTTPS/2.0 )

$_GET

s	article
c	show
id	38425
m	index

Headers

Priority	u=0, i
Accept-Encoding	gzip, deflate, br, zstd
Sec-Fetch-Dest	document
Sec-Fetch-User	?1
Sec-Fetch-Mode	navigate
Sec-Fetch-Site	none
Accept	text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,/;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7
User-Agent	Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests	1
Sec-Ch-Ua-Platform	"Windows"
Sec-Ch-Ua-Mobile	?0
Sec-Ch-Ua	"HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"
Cache-Control	no-cache
Pragma	no-cache
Host	cdn.gafei.com

Response ( 200 - OK )

Headers

Priority	u=0, i
Accept-Encoding	gzip, deflate, br, zstd
Sec-Fetch-Dest	document
Sec-Fetch-User	?1
Sec-Fetch-Mode	navigate
Sec-Fetch-Site	none
Accept	text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,/;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7
User-Agent	Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests	1
Sec-Ch-Ua-Platform	"Windows"
Sec-Ch-Ua-Mobile	?0
Sec-Ch-Ua	"HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"
Cache-Control	no-cache
Pragma	no-cache
Host	cdn.gafei.com

System Configuration

Read the CodeIgniter docs...

CodeIgniter Version:	4.1.4
PHP Version:	8.0.25
PHP SAPI:	fpm-fcgi
Environment:	development
Base URL:	https://cdn.gafei.com/
Timezone:	PRC
Locale:	en
Content Security Policy Enabled:	No